In 1338, an alleged desecration of communion wafers in the Lower Austrian town of Pulkau triggered a wave of persecution against Jews that reached far beyond the local area. Although the contemporary historiography noted these pogroms, the perception and memory of the Pulkau incident soon became blurred when both Jewish and Christian historiography began to include the Pulkau persecutions amongst waves of persecution reaching further afield. When Jewish historiographers of the nineteenth century turned their attention to the history of the Jews in Austria, the persecutions of the Middle Ages had blurred within collective memory into one single pogrom.