After the Second World War, the Polish People’s Republic directed hundreds of thousands of Polish Jews who had survived the Holocaust mainly to those areas that were newly assigned to the Polish state due to its westward shift: Lower Silesia and Farther Pomerania, where vibrant centers of Jewish settle- ment emerged. In the face of antisemitism, though, which was repeatedly activated in internal party disputes and was tolerated and sanctioned by broad swaths of society, much of the Jewish population emigrated or was expelled until 1968. The article analyzes the situation in 1944/45, traces these waves of migration, looks at the political framework, and discusses the underlying push and pull factors for migration.